Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development outlines eight distinct stages that individuals pass through from infancy into late adulthood, each marked by a specific conflict that must be resolved for healthy psychological growth. This theory emphasizes the impact of social experiences across the lifespan, suggesting that personality develops in a predetermined order through these certain stages. In infancy, the primary challenge is trust vs. mistrust, where consistent caregiving fosters a sense of security. During early childhood, autonomy vs. shame and doubt arises as children begin asserting independence. Preschool years center around initiative vs. guilt, as kids explore their ability to lead and make decisions. In the school-age years, industry vs. inferiority highlights the importance of competence and achievement. Adolescents face the crucial identity crisis of identity vs. role confusion, trying to figure out who they are and where they fit into society. Young adulthood involves intimacy vs. isolation, focusing on forming deep relationships. Middle adulthood brings the challenge of generativity vs. stagnation, where individuals strive to contribute to society and help the next generation. Finally, late adulthood finishes with integrity vs. despair, reflecting on life’s meaning and one’s accomplishments. Successfully navigating through each stage is said to typically result in resilience, well-being, and a strong sense of self.

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Reference: Kendra Cherry, Mse. (2024, May 2). Understanding Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development. Verywell Mind. https://www.verywellmind.com/erik-eriksons-stages-of-psychosocial-development-2795740